1. Background
The Indonesia Domestic Biogas Program (IDBP), or the BIRU (Domestic Biogas) program, is a development program managed and implemented by Hivos in partnership with Yayasan Rumah Energi (YRE) and national support from the Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation. The overall development objective of the IDBP is to disseminate domestic biodigesters as a local, sustainable energy source through the development of a commercial, market oriented sector in selected Indonesian provinces.
By 21 September 2020, a total of 24.960 units bio-digester have been built in eleven provinces (Lampung, Banten, West Java, Central Java, DI. Yogyakarta, East Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi). Plant construction and maintenance is the responsibility of Construction Partner Organizations (CPO) which are new or existing locally organizations. Currently around 30 CPOs are working under a partnership agreement with IDBP.
The Biogas User Survey (BUS) is an important instrument to measure the satisfaction rates of users towards biogas, to check the technical performance of the digesters and to use the result as the source of carbon monitoring of IDBP. The BUS also gives the programme management and stakeholders, including the users, good insights in the reliability and success of the biogas sector development approach as it is aimed on sustainable use of the biogas technology as introduced by the programme.
The functioning of the installed plants is an important aspect of the Programme, apart from the quantitative construction figures. In addition, various direct and indirect but important benefits enjoyed by the users of biogas technology may be taken into consideration. It is imperative to know in what degree the users of biogas, who are the ultimate beneficiary of the programme, have derived benefits from their plants and the program as a whole and to what extent they are satisfied with the technology. It is equally important to assess the socio-economic impact brought about by this technology. Thus, in order to obtain necessary feedbacks about the technology, it is essential to monitor both the technology and its impact on user satisfaction by conducting appropriate and detailed surveys at regular intervals.
IDBP has been registered as a Voluntary Gold Standard Program of Activities in 2013. Biogas User Survey 2020 must be done where all parameters that refer to indicators which are related to the SDG Impact monitoring under the Gold Standard for the Global Goals (GS4GG). The User Survey will therefore also be used a Carbon Monitoring Survey in line with the monitoring requirements set forth under the Gold Standard.
For this purpose, IDBP will engage a suitable consultant to conduct the Users Survey for the current year 2020. For that reason the company will be engaged to undertake this 9th user survey after provided agreement is reached on price and contract conditions.
2. Objectives
2.1 General Objective
The main objective of the 9th Biogas Users Survey is to make a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of the biogas plants installed so far on energy, health & sanitation, and agricultural systems as well as technical, socio-economic, environmental and gender concerns. In addition to local impacts, the survey also should provide information to evaluate the global environmental impacts of biogas plants and include the additional parameters needed to measure the carbon emission reductions and other SDG impacts by the programme.
3. Scope of Work
The scope of work will be to assess and analyses the following aspects of biogas:
a. Impact on health and sanitation
b. Impact on socio-economic conditions
c. Technical performance of the biogas plants
d. User's satisfaction and perception
e. Impacts on gender
f. Agricultural systems
g. Energy, emission reduction and sustainable development impacts
h. Excellence, efficiency, and effectiveness of biogas versus conventional fuel
The details of each of the aspects are as explained below.
A. Impact on Health and Sanitation
Biogas reduces exposure to smoke and significantly improves air quality inside kitchen and also owing to the fact that biogas plant owners may choose to construct sanitary toilets, the survey will focus on the following health related issues:
1. Status of toilets, toilets used and toilet attached biogas plant
2. Do they have new kitchen for cooking?
3. Exposure to indoor air pollution and reduction of smoke in the kitchen due to biogas
4. Respiratory and eye infection
5. Incidence of gastro-intestinal diseases
6. Mosquito induced diseases and nuisance
7. Fire/burning accidents.
8. General physical condition (stress, free time, time for feeding etc) among women, men and children
B. Impact on Socio-economic Conditions
As biogas reduces fuel expenses for cooking and lighting and also saves significant time spent in collecting fuel wood and other cooking fuels, this has economic and social implications. Issues relating on socio-economic implications will be focused on the following aspects:
1. Time and money saved through different household and biogas related activities (specifically how much money is saved by not having to purchase fuels)
2. How much time needed per day to operate, maintained and produce biogas per day?
3. Use of the saved time in different income generating activities.
4. Employment generation
5. Determination of economic level of biogas owners
6. Financing source for biogas plants
7. Educational status of household members
8. Perception on economic value of their livestock after having biogas plant.
9. Economic value of bio-slurry
a. Selling bio-slurry as raw material.
b. Selling bio-slurry as modified product.
c. Total income from selling bio-slurry.
d. Increase agricultural production that using bioslurry.
e. Total reduce cost of chemical fertilizer.
10. As part of this survey the following question will be included: “Do you feel that your living conditions have a) improved, b) stayed the same, c) worsened; since the installation of the biogas digester?”
C. Technical performance of the Biogas Plants
The followings are biogas plant related information to be assessed:
1. Instruction on operation as provided by the Construction Partner Organizations (CPOs)
2. Operation and maintenance of the biogas plant including trainings
3. User participation in promoting the benefit of biogas to other; target audience and occasion they used for promoting biogas plant.
4. Plant operation rate, problem and maintenance cost, specifically a) how many days during the year the digester was not operational, and why and b) what the drop-off rate is and the reason for this
5. Awareness about safety measures in operation and maintenance
6. Non technical problems faced by the users
7. Dung availability per day and burning hours of biogas stove
8. Functioning rate of biogas plants
D. Users Satisfaction and Perception
Perceptions of the biogas users with regards to the following relevant issues will be assessed:
1. Their suggestions for possible improvement
2. Operation and maintenance training received by them
3. Means of communication on biogas (consultation and complain mechanism)
4. Satisfaction/ dissatisfaction : overall satisfaction, satisfaction toward construction design and biogas equipment’s, like : lamp, stove, gas, tap, water drain, main pipe, nipple gas, mixer, inlet, manometer)
5. The most valuable benefit of having biogas plant
6. What made users decide to invest in biogas?
7. Sources of biogas information or where did they get the information on biogas prior to becoming a user?
8. Person in charge or contacted for repairing and maintenance.
9. Satisfaction towards the overall service by CPO
E. Impacts on Gender
Since biogas provides direct benefit to rural women especially, as a result of the reduction of workload, following gender related issues will be assessed:
1. Women's participation in decision making process
2. Involvement of women in construction, operation, maintenance and management of biogas plant
3. Technical know-how of either men or women
4. Benefits derived by the women and children from the installation of biogas plant
5. Health and workload change before and after biogas installation
6. Income generation and productive work
7. Women's involvement in social activity from time saved after using biogas
8. Time involvement of women VS men in household chores like cooking, feeding, fuel wood collection, operation of biogas plant, etc.
9. If you can save moneys or create other income from having biogas plant; who will manage the money?
10. The number of women attending trainings (including the Operation and Maintenance trainings)
F. Agriculture Impacts
The prime source of raw material for biogas is the livestock/ poultry; and the digested slurry is considered a high quality manure. Impacts of biogas on two major components of the Indonesian farming systems, viz. livestock and crop/vegetables, will be assessed by considering following issues;
1. Cattle (Livestock) population, grazing method (openly grazed /stall fed), shed management, animal health, fodder management etc
2. Changes in the above practices after the installation of biogas
3. Slurry use pattern and their effectiveness on crop growth, soil fertility and crop productivity and ultimately the farm income
a. Number of users applying the final bio-digester slurry on agricultural land
b. Reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers after using bio-slurry (in volume).
c. Form of bio-slurry use in farming (dried / liquid).
d. Treatment of slurry which are not used as modified products and/or applied for agricultural purposes and/or selling.
e. Effect on productivity and cultivation of new crops
G. Energy, emission reduction and environmental Impacts
Biogas reduces the pressure on forests and alleviates deforestation as an average family size of biogas plant is considered to save more than 2.0 tons of fuel wood per annum. The digested slurry is an excellent source of bio- fertilizer that can significantly improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Besides, biogas can significantly reduce the level of Green House Gases emission in the environment. While assessing the energy and environmental benefit, major focus will be given on the following issues:
1. Fuel usage before implementation of bio-digester: Household daily utilization of fire wood, agriculture residues, animal dung, kerosene, LPG for cooking expressed in kg/day/household.
a. Fuel usage after implementation of bio-digester: Household daily utilization of fire wood, agriculture residues, animal dung, kerosene, LPG for cooking expressed in kg/day/household;
b. Type of stove used.
c. Daily gas production and consumption.
2. Local (household) environmental condition before and after the installation of biogas and its impact on global environment.
3. The number of animals kept by the household, per type.
4. The manure storage methods, as per the definitions of the methodology.
5. The animal housing methods.
6. The usage rate, weighted based on drop off rates that are representative of the age distribution for project technologies in the total sales record*.
7. Fraction of manure produced per animal type that is fed into the bio-digester.
8. Fraction of manure produced per animal type that is not fed into the bio-digester.
4. Approaches and Methodology
The Consultant should mention the detailed approaches and methodology for carrying out this study. But methodology shall include the desk study and review all the relevant literature related to user’s survey. Based upon the review of the literatures, the consultant shall formulate the tools of data collection such as structured questionnaire, and areas of operation which shall be finalized in agreement with IDBP.
The survey will have a minimum sample size of minimum 330 biogas households of 10 provinces (West Java, Banten, Central Java-Yogjakarta, East Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat (Lombok), Nusa Tenggara Timur (Sumba), South Sulawesi and Lampung constructed from 2009 to June 2020.
Random sampling shall be done based on IDBP database representing various sizes and age, both cow dung and/or pig dung plants and other parameters set by the Gold Standard. Based upon the database available from IDBP, the consultant shall prepare a detailed list of randomly selected 385 households (with biogas) in the 10 survey provinces.
The minimum 385 selected sampling should distinguish between the Biogas User Survey (BUS) called Carbon Monitoring Survey by the Gold Standard, and the Usage Survey (US). For the BUS will need a large questioner, and for the US will need short questioner.
To ensure conservativeness, participants in a usage survey with technologies in the first year of use (age 0-1) must have technologies that have been in use on average longer than 0.5 years. For technologies in the second year of use (age 1-2), the usage survey must be conducted with technologies that have been in use on average at least 1.5 years, and so on.
The consultant shall organize an intensive training for the members of field survey team prior to the pre-testing of questionnaire and field mobilization. The consultant shall prepare a detailed programme regarding the mobilization of survey team for field studies and will submit a copy to IDBP Jakarta to enable it to monitor the activity in the field.
5. Expected Output
Inception Report
Draft Report and
Final Report
The report of the survey should provide comprehensive analysis aspects of biogas stated in the scope of work
After submission of the draft report, the Consultant shall organize a consultative workshop to present the findings of the study among the stakeholders and to get comments and suggestions, in consultation with IDBP. In the final report, the Consultant should clearly mention the methodology, output of the study and recommendations based on the study by incorporating the comments and suggestions received from the stakeholders. Two copies of printed final report (in English) and an electronic copy (in usb/hardisc) must be submitted to IDBP. The reports must be prepared and performed in a professional way by adhering to strict quality standards.
6. Work Schedule
The consultant shall elaborate detail work schedule to be carried out for implementation of the proposed programme. But the actual time will be determined after the agreement between IDBP and the Consultant. The draft report expected to be received in the 4th week of December 2020. And the final report expected to be received in the 2nd week of January 2021.
7. Team Composition
The team should be composed of :
Socio-Economist having at least 5 years professional experience.
Certified statistician having adequate experiences
The Consultant shall submit the name(s) of the required human resources to be assigned for execution of the proposed project. The detailed CVs of the experts to be involved for the conduction of this study must be submitted with their original signature and their commitment to provide the full time for this study.
8. Proposal
The Consultant required prepare a proposal based on the above specification completed with detail budget proposed which will be part of this TOR and the contract with Yayasan Rumah Energi.
